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Exclusionary zoning regulations contribute to Onondaga County’s housing crisis by restricting the number and variety of homes available in our community. Too many people are stuck in housing they can’t afford and that does not meet their needs because the 34 different municipal zoning codes that govern the construction of housing in Onondaga County make it difficult to build any kind of housing except for detached single-unit houses on large lots. We need zoning reform to allow the construction of more diverse and more affordable types of housing in neighborhoods across the community.

The City of Syracuse adopted Onondaga County’s first municipal zoning law in 1922 in response to discriminatory fears about the “infiltration” of Black and Immigrant families into middle and upper class neighborhoods. That law banned multifamily housing from new neighborhoods in an effort to entrench the City’s existing residential segregation, and it worked. Even 100 years later, city neighborhoods built after the 1922 zoning ordinance was passed tend to be whiter and wealthier than more diverse pre-zoning neighborhoods. (you can read more about this history in CNY Fair Housing’s report, Zoning and Segregation in Syracuse, NY)

Since 1922, every village and town in Onondaga County (except the Town of Otisco) has followed in Syracuse’s footsteps by adopting its own unique zoning code. Taken together, these 34 municipal laws regulate what can be built on 95% of all land in the county, and they severely restrict the amount and diversity of housing that can be built in the vast majority of neighborhoods in our community. On almost three quarters of all land zoned for residential use, the only type of housing allowed is a single-unit, detached house. Even where other types of housing—such as apartments, townhouses, and duplexes—are technically allowed, they are subject to discretionary reviews that push up costs by adding delays and uncertainty to the homebuilding process. Zoning allows the construction of a new apartment building without all of this added red tape on just 3% of residential land in the county and just 1% of residential land outside of Syracuse. (you can read more about these statistics and see maps of every zoning ordinance in the County in CNY Fair Housing’s report, Exclusionary Zoning in Onondaga County).

These restrictions push up housing costs and perpetuate segregation in two ways. First, they make it so difficult and expensive to build new housing that not enough gets built. Over the last several years, both rent and sale prices for housing have skyrocketed in Onondaga County as a growing number of households has competed for too few homes. Vacancy rates, availability, and the number of days homes and apartments stay on the market have all dropped as prices have soared. Housing prices are going up because there simply are not enough homes, and zoning stands in the way of building more of the housing we need.

Second, exclusionary zoning does not allow enough housing diversity. In too many neighborhoods it is impossible to build much of anything besides detached single unit houses on large lots, and that kind of housing just doesn’t work for everybody. Family sizes are getting smaller, the county’s population is aging, young people are putting off home purchases later, and big expensive houses with lots of bedrooms and stairs aren’t really a one-size-fits-all solution for our increasingly diverse community. More neighborhoods need more housing diversity—including apartments, townhouses, small starter homes, duplexes, and Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)—in order to meet our community’s evolving housing needs.

Some Onondaga County municipalities are pointing the way towards effective zoning reform. The City of Syracuse passed a complete overhaul of its zoning code last year that allowed townhouses and ADUs in areas that had previously been restricted to single-unit development. The City’s new zoning ordinance also requires larger apartment complexes to set aside some units for households that earn below the Area Median Income. In July, the Town of Salina created a special zoning district to allow the Northern Lights Plaza to be redeveloped as a mixed-use district including apartment homes. In August, the Town of Manlius legalized ADUs to allow existing homeowners to help create more housing in the town.

Zoning laws shape growth, and Onondaga County is poised to start growing for the first time in decades. If we want to grow into a more equitable, sustainable, and diverse community, we will need to reform our zoning laws to make that possible.

Guest Article: Todd Goehle, Vice President of Operations and Strategy

“I’m frequently asked ‘What is the biggest issue or need in our community?’ I tell them, ‘Poverty.’ They often respond, ‘No, what is the biggest issue…is it employment, transportation, etc.?’ I again say, ‘It’s Poverty.”

Central New York has the potential for a “moment.” The arrival of Micron Technologies, Inc., the removal of the I-81 viaduct for a Community Grid option, and the rebuilding of Syracuse Public Housing can offer transformative possibilities to deliver social mobility, economic promise, and inclusionary justice for those in our community who are often left behind. Still, the promise of a better future must wrestle with the legacies of the past and the conditions of the present. In particular,

• The city of Syracuse has the second highest rate of childhood poverty in the nation, with 45.8% of city youth under the age of 18 living in poverty according to 2018-2022, 5-year American Community Survey Estimates (ACS).
• White Median Household Income (MHI) ($77,804) was 112% greater than Black MHI ($36,640) in Onondaga County according to 2018-2022, 5-year ACS. Onondaga County’s racial income gap has widened from 97% in 2018, when The Brookings Institute found Onondaga County and the city of Syracuse to have the “seventh worst racial income gap among the nation’s aging industrial cities” (p. 8)1F
• Between February 2023 and February 2024, the Syracuse Metropolitan area experienced the greatest one-year, average monthly rent increase in the nation at 22% (with the average rent of a one-bedroom apartment being $1050 a month).
• Onondaga County is aging. Its 65-and-over population increased by 28.8% from 2011 to 2021. Syracuse’s 65-and-over population increased by 42.8% during the same period. The number of older adults living in poverty in the City of Syracuse increased by 110% during the same period.

These realities provide the context for PEACE, Inc.’s “2024 Community Needs Assessment (CNA) for Onondaga County”. The CNA is released every three years by PEACE, Inc., which – as the Community Action Agency for Onondaga County – serves around 9000 clients annually and pursues a mission “to help people in the community realize their potential for becoming self-sufficiency.” By integrating qualitative and quantitative data, the CNA examines the causes and conditions of poverty throughout Onondaga County. It also embraces an inclusive, justice-informed approach. First, the CNA integrates public research conducted by PEACE, Inc.’s community partners, including CNY Fair Housing, the City of Syracuse, the Central New York Community Foundation, and more. Second, the authors of the CNA conducted extensive surveys, interviews, and community conversations with more than 200 low-income youth, families, and seniors as well as direct human/social services staff members. Not only did the experiences of those living in poverty drive the findings, but their voices were also used and often fully cited in the assessment, humanizing general poverty statistics and ensuring both readability and relatability. In sum, we sought to tell engaging stories that could inform decision-making and advocacy both within PEACE, Inc. and the broad community. From this approach, the CNA makes five major claims:

1) Redlining, Racial Covenants, Urban Renewal, and other discriminatory policies of the past are more than just footnotes of twentieth-century history. Nor are they solely the problems of the City of Syracuse, as the CNA explores around the issue of housing (pp. 77-84). Rather, racial inequalities have been systematized over time and have shaped the development of Onondaga County towards its present state (pp. 31-40). In Onondaga County, community needs must be analyzed and met using a lens of equity. It must include the voices and experiences of those who are often overlooked, if not outright ignored. Tied to this claim,

2) The barriers faced by low-income Onondaga County residents during the COVID-19 pandemic were not new. Rather, COVID-19 exacerbated and intensified long-standing structural insecurities and inequalities, a contention becoming all the more apparent in the pandemic’s aftermath and around housing crises (pp. 77-84), mental health (pp. 66-69), opioids (pp. 70-72) domestic violence, and more. The CNA also presents evidence that low-income families are struggling to adjust after the removal of unprecedented levels of pandemic-era assistance and in the face of rising inflation that is spiking costs across the board (pp. 43-55). In response to these developments then,

3) A holistic, layered understanding of poverty – one that acknowledges multiple histories, barriers, and strengths – is necessary if diverse, low-income households are to reach self-sufficiency. Low-income households face many challenges which are often out of their control. When reading the CNA, note the frequency in which one need can inform, shape, and find meaning alongside other needs. Also, when reading the CNA, note the resiliency and resourcefulness of Onondaga County’s low-income residents. Such descriptions are apt ones when explaining the work being pursued by local nonprofit staff. Thus,

4) To tackle the complexities of poverty in Onondaga County, robust and flexible capacity-building measures must take place within the Human/Social Services Sector. Low wages, restrictive funding streams, high turnover, and burnout are hampering the effectiveness of local nonprofits and their community-focused staff to pursue their missions (pp.112-118). And last,

5) Sustainable advocacy and power-building campaigns must continue to be nurtured and promoted to mobilize communities, to overcome a lack of belonging, and to push inclusivity as well as community-driven decision-making (pp. 118-120).

Following the CNA’s public release in April, PEACE, Inc. staff have shared their findings to civic groups and community coalitions, schools and human service organizations, elected officials and appointees, and more. Most importantly, the staff have returned to – and have continued dialogues with – those who lent their voices and thoughts. For example, after sharing the CNA findings with interviewed Head Start parents, a staff member went on social media and saw a link to the agency’s Facebook page. A Head Start mother not only read the assessment in its entirety but also shared and cited the page number where she was quoted. When people feel heard, their motivation to improve the community rises. And herein lies the greatest takeaway. The CNA is not intended to be a static document. Rather, the data found within it -and the experiences shared in it- are all parts of evolving advocacy and planning processes that must be championed to ensure an equitable future for all in Central New York.

It started with milk deliveries — “gallons and gallons and gallons of milk.”

At the beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic, The American Dairy Association had a milk surplus, and needed community support to distribute it before it spoiled. ADA organizers reached out to Central New York’s InterFaith Works for help.

“So, we began to deliver milk to faith communities — synagogues, mosques, churches, black and brown churches, and because many of our agency programs were paused, we had time deliver all this milk,” said Bishop Colette Matthews-Carter, Director of IFW’s El-Hindi Center for Dialogue & Action. “ It was a huge blessing to people in our community.”

After seeing the overwhelming community response, InterFaith Works started to distribute food boxes, and a network of food pantries began to organically form. Now nearly three years later, IFW connects and helps support 32 grassroot food pantries and partners as a part of its Food Justice Program. It aims to deliver healthy food to diverse neighborhoods experiencing the highest rates of poverty and food insecurity in Syracuse.

The Food Justice Coordinator convenes monthly meetings, sets a legislative advocacy agenda, and aids pantries in securing additional support. They also oversee two community gardens, one which launched in June 2024. The organization estimates that just last year they were able to distribute more than 30,000 bags of food to families across Syracuse.

Matthews-Carter credits the success of the program to the partner pantries that have built community trust over decades of work. Sometimes asking for help can be difficult, she said, and that lining up for free food can sometimes feel “dehumanizing” if not done with care.

“Our pantries are in entrusted community spaces; they are in places where people do feel safe, and people feel like there is no judgment,” said Matthews-Carter.

This care is central to InterFaith Work’s overall mission to “Affirm Dignity.” This commitment to dignity extends to their work in food justice. Matthews-Carter said it’s important to have food that is culturally and religiously-appropriate.

Nearly 50,000 people in Onondaga County live with food insecurity due both to economic factors and lack of community food access. Almost half of Syracuse children live in poverty, and with inflation and SNAP reductions, the need for food access is growing. The term “food desert” is often used to describe neighborhoods that don’t have access to affordable, healthy food options due to the absence of grocery stores within an easy traveling distance. Some advocates say that we should use the term “food apartheid” instead, because it more accurately points to the structural injustices and disparities in food access faced by low-income communities and communities of color.

Food and hunger are not isolated issues, but part of larger systemic issues that affect everyone in our region.

“You can’t just talk about hunger without talking about housing, you can’t talk about health without talking about food,” said Qiana Williams, program officer at the Community Foundation. “So they’re all interrelated, because those are the things that are a mainstay for any human. Collaborations are critical to the success of this. The fact that InterFaith Works has galvanized these forces across sectors addressing health, hunger, and housing, in some very unique ways; it is very powerful, because it’s sending the message to folks in need that there are people who care about you, and you can go here and you can be supported.”

Williams said this program is ultimately an infrastructure success building initiative. The coordinator helps connect the community and aids smaller food pantries in securing food, applying for accreditation, and convening to share best practices.

Food justice and advocacy continues to gain momentum in Central York with community organizations like the Syracuse-Onondaga Food Systems Alliance (SOFSA) and IFW. Matthews-Carter said that there’s still work to be done. She anticipates continued support around food distribution and community-food production.

“I think the food justice conversation needs to be elevated in our community, Matthews-Carter said. “We’d like community stakeholders, faith communities, elected officials, school districts to break down their silos and just come together as a community to ensure that we have adequate and healthy food for future generations.”

Community health, like personal health, requires a holistic approach. To thrive as a community, we need strong employment opportunities, access to good homes, and schools that prepare our young people for the future to name a few.

In order to determine the economic health of an area, experts look at metrics like education, home ownership, household income, and the unemployment rate. Without this data, it’s hard to understand where we are as a community and what stories that data tells about it.

In the fall of 2023, a study from LendingTree ranked Syracuse 2nd in economic disparity for Black residents. LendingTree analyzed five years of data from the U.S. Census, which focused on five metrics: education, home ownership, household income, the percentage of Black households making six figures, and the unemployment rate. Syracuse ranked 93rd or below in all five categories. So, how did we get to this point and what are we doing as a community to help address this inequity?

History of Redlining and its Effects on Current Housing 

One indicator of a strong and thriving local economy is the rate of home ownership. There’s a long list of both personal and communal benefits of owning a home. It allows individuals to build wealth, access tax credits, and generate a sense of community. While neighborhoods with higher rates of homeownership tend to have higher property values, which means there’s additional funding for public services like schools and infrastructure. A home provides stability and can be passed down from one generation to the next.

Unfortunately, not everyone in our community has had equal access to purchasing a home. For Black residents, a history of racist housing policies and community disinvestment has led to inequality in homeownership. Some of the most impoverished areas of Syracuse today reflect redlined districts resulting from the National Housing Act of 1934, which led to a large increase in residential racial segregation and urban decay in US cities. While redlining is no longer considered a lawful practice under the Fair Housing Act of 1968, the effects of these deeply rooted inequalities continue to live on.

Right now, only 28.6% of Onondaga County’s Black residents own their homes compared to 72% of White residents, according to the Lending Tree Study . Black homeowners also pay more for mortgage loans, which only works to set families back from achieving financial freedom.

Local nonprofits such as Home HeadQuarters and the Greater Syracuse Land Bank have worked for decades to address the multifaceted housing issue. This includes increasing the local housing stock, remediating lead in homes, and providing accessible loans for Black citizens. For example, Home HeadQuarters (HHQ) has spearheaded efforts to cut racial gaps in mortgage lending during the last three years. HHQ has made more than 200 home-purchase loans, which totaled $22.4 million with more than half of that lending going to Black or mixed-race borrowers.

Combined with the recent announcement of the Syracuse Housing Strategy and its investment in the local housing stock, there’s hope for a stronger housing future in Central New York.

Education: Where We Are, Where We Can Grow 

When looking at the metrics for economic disparity, you can see how interconnected the metrics are. Strong educational systems create pathways to good paying jobs, which creates enough wealth for homeownership, which in turn feeds the public schools system. These metrics are interconnected and need multi-pronged solutions in order to address economic disparities.

Education opens doors to economic opportunity. Census tracts throughout Central New York with lower median incomes had more people in the workforce without a high school diploma compared to tracts with higher median incomes. Historically, there have been significant economic and racial disparities in public school completion rates. In New York State, the graduation rate in 2021 for Black and Hispanic students was 80 percent, compared to 90 percent for White students.

Education has always been deeply connected to the wealth of a region.  Incomes are tied to public school completion and level of income. One positive sign is that, in Syracuse, disparities in graduation rates between some racial groups have decreased in recent years. In 2021, Black students in the Syracuse City School District had a higher graduation rate than white students (80% compared to 76%).

Due to the efforts of Central New Yorkers over the last two decades, the region is poised for rapid economic growth in the next ten years. One way to ensure equity in opportunities is through an investment in education and in workforce development which ensures that Central New Yorkers can fill in-demand and good-paying jobs in the tech and manufacturing sector. Community advocates are working to ensure that the most vulnerable communities benefit from this historic investment.

Workforce Development

Providing job opportunities with livable wages is critical for community and personal well-being. Lack of opportunity and underemployment creates hard decisions for families on where to spend finite resources.  Unemployment rates across the country skyrocketed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and cities across the US are still recovering.

In 2021, Syracuse had almost 90,000 unemployment beneficiaries, which was over seven times as many as the city saw before the pandemic. Historically these dips affect marginalized communities at a higher rate. For Black Americans, the unemployment rate is often 2-3 percent higher than their White counterparts.

Through initiatives like Syracuse Surge, the region is investing in new employment opportunities for its residents.  Through partnerships, Syracuse Surge invests in reskilling and upskilling Central New York residents for careers in coding, cybersecurity, and high-tech manufacturing. Since the program launched in 2019, it has reskilled and upskilled more than 1,000 city residents for careers in tech. This workforce development is crucial as Micron’s historic $100 billion investment promises to create up to 90,000 jobs in the next 20 years.

As the region attracts historic investment, it’s vital that these opportunities reach Central New Yorkers who currently live here.  In order to improve our community’s economic health and address critical disparities, we have to continue to invest in holistic changes for a better tomorrow.

Article Submitted by Maura Ackerman on behalf of the Syracuse-Onondaga Food Systems Alliance, a coalition of local changemakers dedicated to a more just and equitable food future in the Central New York region, in partnership with the undersigned individuals and organizations.

We, the undersigned individual citizens and advocates from 15 community agencies in Central New York, write to raise the alarm about the critical shortage of safe housing and the growing rates of hunger experienced by families in our midst – affecting our children most acutely. On June 13th, we will convene a nonpartisan candidate-community conversation exploring these issues with candidates running for 22nd Congressional District, New York State Senate’s 48th and 50th Districts, and New York State Assembly’s 126th, 127th, 128th, and 129th Districts. The persistent challenges of hunger, unstable housing, and poor health outcomes facing our neighbors are deeply interconnected. They require that we work collectively to demand solutions from those in positions of authority at the local, state, and federal level.

One local family’s story illustrates the interconnectedness of these problems.

They became houseless in November 2023, after their apartment was deemed uninhabitable by code enforcement and their landlord refused to make the required repairs. During their ensuing housing search, upon presenting their Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers, the family was met with credit checks and income limits that repeatedly disqualified them. Through the winter and spring, they moved from a relative’s home to a hotel and then, after calling 211, to a shelter. As their housing situation got complicated, so too did their access to nutritious food. The head of the household — who cares for her daughter, son, and grandson — feels guilty she couldn’t secure safe housing and provide for her family and wishes there were more avenues of recourse to meet her family’s needs.

This family’s struggles are far from unique.

Within Syracuse, approximately 61% of residents are renters, and over half of those renters are considered “extremely cost burdened,” meaning that they spend over half of their monthly income on rent. Earlier this year, the New York Times released an analysis of the cities with the highest rent increases in the country. Syracuse was first on the list, with a 22% one-year increase from 2022 into 2023. According to court records, evictions granted to landlords grew by 35% over that same period.

Children are vulnerable to the ways that poverty impacts access to both housing and food. Recent US Census data indicates that 45.8% of Syracuse city children live in households with incomes at or below the federal poverty level, ranking it second-highest for a big city in the United States. Within the Syracuse City School District (SCSD), the percent of students who qualify as McKinney-Vento – defined as lacking a fixed, regular, or adequate nighttime residence – doubled from 4% in 2021-2022 school year to 8% in 2022-2023 and has continued to rise during the current academic year. For children in families facing housing instability, access to food also becomes more difficult. For example, while living at the hotel, the family referenced earlier were far from a bus line and needed Ubers to grocery shop. Due to the increased cost of transportation and food, no longer having a kitchen, and with the uncertainty of where they may be living in the coming month, they now rely more on fast food than prior to their eviction. The impacts on the health of children and families living with the daily stressors of housing instability and food insecurity cannot be overstated.

“There is a significant body of evidence that demonstrates that household food insecurity is related not only to acute health problems, but also contributes to higher rates of chronic disease that may persist into adulthood; these include asthma, mental health diagnoses, eczema, obesity and even delayed medical care,” says Dr. Jenica O’Malley, a local pediatrician. “The added stress of living through the compounded traumas of poverty contributes to caregiver anxiety and depression which only further negatively affect children’s short- and long-term health outcomes.”

Within Onondaga County, 9.7% of the population experiences food insecurity, yet the rate is nearly double for children, at 17.3%. Food insecurity, as defined by the USDA, reflects a household’s limited or uncertain access to adequate food. If a family’s income is at or below 130% of the federal poverty level, or $39,000 annual gross income, children qualify for and receive free breakfast and lunch at schools. In SCSD, 85% of students meet these criteria, but their access to food becomes limited when they return home and during school breaks.

While New York state has not yet joined other states to pass Healthy School Meals for All, schools where 25% or more students qualify for free school breakfast and lunch can receive a designation to provide meals to all students. As a result, SCSD students receive free breakfast and lunch during the school day – and at 29 SCSD afterschool sites, a free supper, as well. To support students and families experiencing housing instability, SCSD and community partners such as the Food Bank of Central New York, United Way of Central New York, and the Salvation Army have partnered to provide “Gratitude Meal Kits,” supplemental food boxes for families during extended school holidays. These services, known as emergency food systems, act as a stopgap in situations of acute need, but are not always able to close the difference between a household’s food purchasing power and their nutritional needs. As more people come to depend on them, it becomes evident that we need solutions that preserve dignity and agency while addressing the root issues that place families in vulnerable positions.

SNAP is the nation’s largest food assistance program and has demonstrated its effectiveness in our efforts to combat both hunger and poverty. The Census Bureau’s Supplemental Poverty Measure, an indicator of economic well-being, indicates that SNAP lifted 4.6 million people out of poverty in 2015. While individuals may experience barriers in signing up for the program, the Food Bank of Central New York hosts a program to support SNAP enrollment, and just this year has started to partner with SCSD to refer eligible families for this support. Despite narratives to the contrary, fraud is rare. Research demonstrates that SNAP supports local communities, offering a strong “return on investment” by generating $1.79 of local economic activity for every SNAP dollar. Programs are emerging to amplify SNAP further. Incentive programs like Double Up Food Bucks increase SNAP customers’ buying power for fruits and vegetables. Summer EBT provides additional benefits to households that qualify for free or reduced school meals with children when school is not in session and school meals are unavailable. SNAP is critical to address food insecurity and poverty. Yet, the monthly benefit for a single person earning $18,930/year is just $23/month.

During 2020 and 2021, the government responded to the COVID-19 crisis by implementing a combination of policies to support food insecure households, particularly those with children: 1) the expansion of the Child Tax Credit, 2) increases to SNAP benefits, 3) Pandemic EBT (SNAP benefits in lieu of school meals while schools were closed), and 4) protections for renters. This combination of supports collectively made a meaningful difference in moving the needle on childhood food insecurity in 2020 and 2021. What’s more, emerging research suggests that preventative economic supports significantly impacted child welfare for the better. Pandemic era expansions have now expired. The emergency food and shelter system in Syracuse is struggling to absorb demand as household spending power is diminished and rates of houselessness and food insecurity rise.

We need to leverage our power as citizens to push for measures that would ease financial strain so our neighbors can reorganize their resources to re-attain security. The solutions to these complex problems will require concerted efforts that engage all members of our community.

As a starting point to enacting tangible supports, the Syracuse-Onondaga Food Systems Alliance (SOFSA), alongside a number of partner organizations, is preparing to host a Candidate-Community Dialogue on Hunger, Housing, and Health from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. Thursday, June 13, at Living Waters Church, 121 Huron St, Syracuse. We invite members of the public to join this conversation about these urgent issues facing our community.

Organizational Signatories:

Maura Ackerman, Director, Syracuse-Onondaga Food Systems Alliance

Karen Belcher, Executive Director, Food Bank of Central New York

Anne C Bellows, Professor of Food Studies, Syracuse University

Beth A. Broadway, President/CEO, InterFaith Works of Central New York

Carolyn D. Brown, Executive Director, PEACE, Inc.

Taylor Deats, Market Manager, CNY Regional Market Authority

Scott Emery, Chief Strategy Officer, Healthy Alliance

Leif Frymire, Community Health Worker, Syracuse Northeast Community Center

Rebecca Garofano, School Dietitian, Syracuse City School District

Amy Haley-Canavan, Deputy Director, Women’s Opportunity Center

Jessi Lyons, Associate Executive Director, Brady Faith Center

Charles Madlock, Campaign Manager, Nourish Syracuse

Jess Miller, Founder, Kitchen Literacy Project

Caitlin Smith, Organizer, United Syracuse

Tylah Worrell, Executive Director, Urban Jobs Task Force of Syracuse

Individual Signatories:

Mary Carney (Eastside)

Elise Springuel (Memphis, NY)

Suzi Harriff (Manlius, NY)

Dr. Caitlin Toomey  (Skaneateles, NY)

Shelley Peabody (Eastside)

Adrianne Traub (Cortland, NY)

MoAde Jagusah (Southside)

Rick Welsh (DeWitt, NY)

Tim Bryant (Valley)

Ed Griffin-Nolan (Westside)

Amy Grover (Baldwinsville, NY)

Anna Zoodsma (Eastside)

Laura Jayne (Eastside)

Lisa Hart (Eastside)

Nick Piato (Lakefront)

Dr. Jenica O’Malley, DO  (Westside)

Todd Goehle (Southside)

Abigail Rumney (Nedrow, NY)

Charles Carrier (Westside)

Ivy Kleinbart (DeWitt, NY)

Rebecca Garden (New Woodstock, Ny)

Janine Jarvis  (Westside)

Qiana Williams (Eastside)

Guest Article: Benjamin Lockwood, President & CEO of Housing Visions

There is talk everywhere about the need for more affordable housing at the local, state, and federal level.  There is clearly a need, but what is affordable housing?  If I ask five different people to define affordable rental housing, I will get five different answers – none of which are incorrect. There is an array of affordable housing programs for rental housing.  The most visible are the Section 8 Voucher Program, Public Housing, and the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) developments, which have significant overlap and additional supplemental Federal and State funding.

To better understand and demystify affordable rental housing I will get to some basic definitions.  Eligibility for affordable housing is defined by families earning 80% or less of the Area Median Income (AMI) by geographic location.  AMI is defined by geography on an annual basis by the Federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).  For the Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), the 2023 AMI for a family of four is $93,300.  This figure is the point at which 50% of similar sized households earn more and 50% of households earn less.  The AMI increases or decreases based on household size as well as geographic location.   In the Syracuse MSA, a family meets the criteria for affordable housing programs if they earn $74,650 or less, which, is 80% of AMI.  Affordable housing eligibility covers everything in between $0-$74,650 for a family of four in Syracuse. That is a very wide spectrum! Going forward, I will use figures that only contemplate our theoretical family of four.

Let us examine how affordable housing works in our most visible housing programs from above: the Section 8 Voucher Program, Public Housing, and the Low Income Housing Tax Credit. If the family earns 80% or less of AMI, they are eligible to receive a Section 8 Voucher and/or have eligibility for public housing. However, both are in high demand and a family may wait 5-10 years to receive the voucher or secure a public housing unit.  A Section 8 Voucher allows a family to usually pay 30% of their income towards rent and utilities and the subsidy from the government pays the remainder.  The Section 8 Voucher is flexible and can be utilized by a family with no income all the way up to the limit of $74,650. Section 8 is a good deal for landlords because they are typically guaranteed at least 70% of their rent. If family income exceeds the 80% AMI threshold, they no longer receive the benefits of Section 8. Locally, the Syracuse Housing Authority will pay a contract rent (determined by a variety of factors established by HUD) to a landlord of a 3-bedroom apartment at a rate of approximately $1,325 per month.  If the rent is greater than $1,325 per month, the tenant has to cover the difference, which will then make their housing costs greater than 30% of their income.

Similar to the Section 8 Voucher Program, in Public Housing, households pay approximately 30% of their income towards rent and utilities.  If the family income increases, so does the rent.  Once a family moves into public housing, they may remain there as long as they are tenants in good standing regardless of their income, which is a safety blanket for residents.  When residents surpass the 80% AMI threshold, the public housing agency may charge a market rent with no subsidy.

The last housing program, the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), was created in 1986 from the Reagan tax reforms.  LIHTC is housed federally in the IRS and administered at the state level by housing finance agencies and not HUD.  Succinctly, LIHTC is a public private partnership that provides private and not-for-profit developers tax credits in exchange for developing, building, and maintaining affordable rental housing.  Unlike Section 8 and public housing, LIHTC typically caps initial eligibility at 60% AMI, which equates to $55,980 for a family of four in Syracuse. In addition, most LIHTC developments have units that serve AMIs that range between 30%-60% AMI, and potentially even some middle-income (90% AMI) or market units (known as a mixed-income community).  In Syracuse for the family of four, a 30% AMI is $28,000 and a 50% AMI is $46,650.  The rent is set based on income tiers.  For example, three identical 3-bedroom units in a given development may have three different rent levels as illustrated below.

All of these rents, especially at 30% & 50% AMI, are significantly below market rate apartment costs locally for a 3-bedroom apartment and almost always of higher quality because of funding program inspection protocol and requirements to maintain physical conditions.  Like public housing, once a family moves into LIHTC housing, they may remain (with an exception being households composed of all full-time students with no qualifying exemption), but their rent will increase to match what the family can afford.

According to census data and information on CNY Vitals, nearly 40,000 residents in Syracuse live below the poverty line.  Recent census data suggests that 51% of residents of the city of Syracuse pay more than 30% of their income on housing with 31% paying more than half of their income!  There is no silver bullet to solving the affordable housing crisis, but one thing is clear:  We need MORE quality housing, everywhere.  Poverty is not a Syracuse problem alone; it is in every corner of our community – urban, suburban and rural.  In the past year, while County Executive Ryan McMahon touts the coming of Micron, he quickly follows up with the need for communities to build more housing units of all types from market rate to affordable and from family to senior.

Addressing affordable housing is admittedly more complex than anyone wishes, but I hope your takeaway is that it is applicable to a wide swath of our local population. Before you read this article, would you believe that a family earning nearly $75,000 is eligible for affordable housing programs?  We need to serve all incomes to ensure individuals and families have safe, decent, affordable housing in their community of choice.

Guest Article: Jared Duggal, senior, Fayetteville Manlius High School
View Findings of Jared’s Research Project

Poverty is pervasive in America’s cities, and this is particularly true in Central New York. While our biggest cities’ challenges are often in the national spotlight, America’s small and midsize cities are home to more people, and their health disparities receive far less attention.

These health disparities are often driven by social determinants, those non-medical factors like income inequality, rent burden, and poverty that can influence health.

It is well established that higher poverty levels are associated with lower life expectancy, but several aspects of this relationship and the association of social determinants remain unclear. Although we know countries with a high poverty level have a lower life expectancy, the relationship is less clear when we look at the extent that gaps in life expectancy vary at the local city level. In addition, there is still debate on the importance of factors such as inequality, economic and social stress and how they relate.

With these questions unanswered, a research study was undertaken to evaluate how scarcity, poverty, health outcomes and equality relate and to determine what we can do in Central New York to improve them.

Data from publicly available databases including the US Census Bureau were utilized to create datasets of city poverty rates, life expectancy and 16 measured social determinants including number of households with a broadband connection, population that has completed high school, income inequality index, housing with potential lead risk, limited access to healthy foods and neighborhood racial/ethnic segregation.

A matching algorithm was then created that compared small/mid-sized US cities with the 25 highest and the 25 lowest poverty rates in order to help city leaders understand how poverty and health disparities in their communities are driven by social factors and allow comparison with demographically similar cities to guide future policy interventions.

The results were surprising:

• Life expectancy is statistically different depending on if you live in a US small to medium sized city that has high poverty compared to those that are in the low poverty group.
• Comparison of social determinants between cities in the high and low poverty groups also demonstrated significant differences in almost all the measured variables.
• Increased poverty rates were strongly correlated with increased smoking rates, excessive rent burden, credit insecurity, and neighborhood racial segregation.
• Increased poverty rates were strongly correlated with decreased high school completion rate, household access to broadband connection, and the income inequality index score (the lower the index score the more unequal the income distribution)

The paired matching algorithm successfully paired similar cities from the high and low poverty groups, including for cities in Upstate New York. The matching algorithm will help city leaders leverage policy and program approaches targeting poverty that will also advance health.

Recent efforts by the City of Syracuse to offer free, high-speed and secure Internet service for hundreds of low-income residents is a step in the right direction to addressing one of the social determinants of poverty. Understanding that poverty is a national emergency with implications to the longevity and health of all Americans is crucial. When an approach to addressing the social determinants of health has proven successful in a city of the same population demographic type, solutions can be found to facilitate smarter investment strategies.

References

• Braveman, P., Gottlieb, L., The Social Determinants of Health. Public Health Rep. 2014 Jan-Feb; 129: 19–31.
• Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health. City Health Dashboard.
• United States Census Bureau.
• Duggal, J. Utilizing large sociological data sets and the development of a novel matching algorithm to understand the relationship between poverty, social determinants and health outcomes in small to mid-sized US cities.

The Central New York Community Foundation has added data related to racial inequities to its state-of-the-community website, CNY Vitals (cnyvitals.org). Data points related to civic participation, education, wealth accumulation, well-being, employment and income are disaggregated by race to advance an understanding of how different groups are differently situated in Central New York.

“There is something fundamental about being and feeling ‘seen,’” said Frank Ridzi, vice president of community investment at the Community Foundation. “Without an understanding of how and why local residents experience life differently across racial and ethnic populations, decisions on governmental policies, funding and institutional practices could be made that impact their well-being without the full picture.”

Using interactive visualizations, CNY Vitals tracks data points and monitors trends on issues related to the economy, housing, health, demographics, poverty and education in Onondaga, Madison, Cayuga, Cortland and Oswego counties. The statistics are pulled from a variety of sources including the US Census Bureau, US Department of Labor and New York State Education Department.

The Community Foundation states it would like to see the new measurements used to prompt discussions among community members, leaders and organizations. By informing residents, it hopes to help target resources and investments and monitor the impact of collective efforts – such as city-wide childhood lead poisoning prevention work – toward breaking down elements of structural racism that have led to the disparities presented.

“The outcomes of systemic racism are not accidental,” said Frank Ridzi, vice president of community investment at the Community Foundation. “Decades of public and private policies pertaining to residential development, financial lending and transportation planning have led to poor outcomes for our neighbors of color. Until we are all made aware of and address these inequities, structural racism will continue to undermine our efforts to improve literacy and education rates, increase positive health outcomes and break down the detrimental cycle of generational poverty.”

Each visualization is accompanied by an analysis explaining how the facts relate to residents and the region’s prosperity. Visitors can download the raw data for each indicator in a variety of formats or connect it to programs using live APIs. The visualizations can also be embedded in outside websites or shared on social media to spur discussion. Visitors to the site will find news announcements about local trends, stories from members of the community and ideas on how they can do their part.

The new racial equity data is also available on the specialized arm called CNY Vitals Pro, a more in-depth site designed for grant writers, researchers, community organizers and data professionals. It allows users to drill down into statistics by county, town, city, zip code or census tract and compare them at the local, state or national level.

View racial equity section on CNY Vitals.

Guest Article: Megan Stuart, Director of Housing & Homeless Coalition, United Way of Central New York

Photo Credit: A Tiny Home for Good

The Housing & Homeless Coalition of Central New York (HHC) is a network of organizations committed to ending homelessness and housing vulnerability in Central New York. Each year, the HHC conducts its Point in Time count, a census of all people experiencing homelessness in our three-county region which includes Onondaga, Cayuga, and Oswego counties. This effort includes data collected in the Homeless Management Information System database and a full canvas of our geographic region. Over 100 volunteers go out on one night in January to ensure that we are getting the most accurate and complete count of people experiencing homelessness. Our volunteers also canvas soup kitchens and day centers asking where people are staying.

This count has demonstrated that our community was making progress in ending homelessness. Prior to the pandemic, our community was seeing decreases in homelessness year over year, resulting in a 25% decrease from 2015 to 2020.[1]

But now, homelessness is on the rise. From the count in 2022 to the count in 2023, there has been a 30% increase in overall homelessness, totaling over 800 people staying in emergency shelters or places not meant for human habitation on a given night. This number is higher than any count we’ve had since 2015.

These increases are particularly affecting families, as the three-county region has had a 41% increase in families with minor children experiencing homelessness, with a majority of these families never facing homelessness in the past. 75% of households who entered homelessness last year, did so for the first time. Homelessness has adverse effects on health outcomes, educational outcomes for children, and even affects life expectancy, at an average of 20 years less than people who are housed.[2]

The report also identified the following trends in homelessness:

• The number of people experiencing unsheltered homelessness increased by 190% (from 10 people in 2022 to 29 people in 2023)
• 39% of children who experience homelessness are under the age of 5
• Unaccompanied youth (age 12 to 24) increased 32%, from 42 to 62 youth in emergency shelter.

Overall, the Point in Time count demonstrated that people are at higher risk of homelessness than any other time in recent history. Though the community is seeing drastic increases in people being unhoused, the good news is we know what works- re-housing people as quickly as possible into quality, affordable housing, and stabilizing families with wrap around services. Each year, programs providing subsidies and case management services see over a 95% success rate in housing retention.[3] There is now a demonstrated need for the expansion of essential programs to assist in creating avenues to permanent housing. Now more than ever, it is critical to the health of the community that our neighbors have a safe place to live as it is the key to ending homelessness.

To read the entire report, visit the HHC’s website at hhccny.org

[1] All data is taken from the HHC’s Point in Time Counts unless otherwise specified.

[2] https://www.usich.gov/news/remembering-those-we-have-lost-and-the-work-that-remains/

[3] HHC’s System Performance Measures, 2022, hhccny.org

Guest Article: Monu Chhetri, Founder, CEO, Deaf New Americans Advocacy

It is extremely important for Deaf New Americans to learn about and work to end lead poisoning in our community. I grew up in refugee camps where there was no lead paint, and where we use natural fibers and materials from the land.

I have been here in Syracuse for over 12 years, and I just learned about lead in the paint and the possibility of lead poisoning. I had no idea that we could be victims of this until I learned, about it from our friend Qiana Williams of CNY Community Foundation who invited us to their sponsored participatory budgeting project with the goal to end lead poisoning. Our board members from the Deaf New Americans Advocacy (DNAA) attended, and we became very aware of the danger of lead to ourselves and our children. We learned that it’s not just in the paint that’s on surfaces, it’s in dust that comes from daily opening and closing of windows and doors. We became alarmed and so concerned, especially because of the young children in our community. We learned that our babies born outside of the US and even born here needed to have screenings done. We understand that lead can damage their developing brains. It is scary.

DNAA became very involved in the participatory budgeting process, where all the participants had an opportunity to express their ideas for how we could educate the community and work to end lead poisoning. After listening to presentations and ideas from participants, we were able to vote on ideas. It was a very exciting and engaging democratic process. We feel it was a good way as a small group to work to affect change community wide. We felt listened to, and I feel like it was a very useful process and experience. We hope that we can make this change together.

There are many barriers to accessing language and communication for the Deaf New American community. It’s a problem for Deaf people. We need to learn all this important information so we can protect ourselves and our families, but if we are not included or the community forgets, then Deaf people are usually the last to know what’s going on. This makes us at risk, endangered. When the community remembers to invite the Deaf New Americans advocates to come to public events such as this one, we can learn about any dangers that are exposed to the community and give residents access to the information using interpreters and accessible information.

Currently, lead is very serious, so we the DNAA hope to receive funding to provide education using sign language interpreters and to record video announcements. We can do local interventions by going one on one to families in their homes with our knowledge and use of culturally aware communication skills. It is our prayer that our community stays safe and thrives, and we are grateful that the Community Foundation has shown how they support us.